多益學習_Tenses & Verbs 時態與動詞
一、一般現在式（Simple Present）
I go to work every day.
我每天上班。
- 表示「習慣、事實、常態」。
副詞提示詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, every day
二、現在進行式（Present Continuous）
I am studying for the TOEIC test.
我正在準備多益考試。
- 表示「此刻正在發生」。
be 動詞 + V-ing
now, at the moment 常見在題目中出現。
三、一般過去式（Simple Past）
She visited Japan last year.
她去年去了日本。
- 表示「已完成的過去動作」。
yesterday, last week, ago是關鍵詞。
四、現在完成式（Present Perfect）
I have worked here for five years.
我在這裡工作了五年。
- 表示「過去開始，持續到現在」。
for + 時間 / since + 起始時間
多益常見：have been employed since 2018
五、過去完成式（Past Perfect）
The meeting had started before I arrived.
在我到達之前，會議已經開始。
- 表示「過去某時間點之前已完成」。
常與 before / after / by the time 一起出現。
六、未來式（Future Tense）
We will launch the new product next month.
我們下個月將推出新產品。
- 表示「未來的計畫或預測」。
tomorrow, next week, soon 為關鍵詞。
多益陷阱：「時間連接詞 + 現在式」代替未來式I’ll call you when I arrive.（不是 will arrive）
七、被動語態（Passive Voice）
The report was written by Mr. Chen.
報告是由陳先生撰寫的。
- 結構：be + p.p.
常見動詞：make / produce / hire / install / deliver
多益常考：The package was delivered yesterday.
八、助動詞（Modal Verbs）
Employees must wear ID badges.
員工必須佩戴識別證。
- 常見助動詞：
can / could 能夠
may / might 可能
must 必須
should / ought to 應該
will / would 將、願意
九、不定詞與動名詞（To + V / V-ing）
He decided to join the company.
他決定加入這家公司。
- 常接 to V 的動詞：decide, plan, hope, want
- 常接 V-ing 的動詞：enjoy, avoid, consider, suggest
I enjoy working with my team.
我很喜歡與我的團隊一起工作。
十、使役動詞（Causative Verbs）
The manager made the staff work overtime.
主管讓員工加班。
- 結構：
make + O + 原形動詞（強制）
have + O + 原形動詞（安排）
let + O + 原形動詞（允許）
十一、動詞搭配（Collocations）
多益最常考的「動詞＋介系詞」組合：
- depend+on
Success depends on teamwork. - comply+with
All staff must comply with safety rules. - participate+in
They participated in the training. - result+in
The delay resulted in customer complaints. - focus+on
We need to focus on quality improvement.
時態篇
| 口訣 | 解釋 |
|---|---|
| 看到 when、before、after → 用現在式代未來式 | 時間連接詞之後不要 will！ |
| I’ll call you when I arrive. | |
| for 跟 since → 用現在完成式 | 表示「持續到現在」 |
| I have worked here for three years. | |
| by the time → 用過去完成式 | 表示「那時候之前就已經…」 |
| The meeting had started by the time I arrived. | |
| every day → 用現在式 | 習慣性行為 |
| She takes the bus every day. | |
| now / at the moment → 用現在進行式 | 此刻正在進行 |
| I am studying English now. |
動詞變化篇
| 口訣 | 解釋 |
|---|---|
| 被動＝be + p.p. | be 動詞依時態變，p.p. 不變 |
| The report was written yesterday. | |
| make / have / let + 原形動詞 | 使役動詞三兄弟 |
| The boss made me stay late. | |
| enjoy / avoid / consider → + V-ing | 動名詞動詞組 |
| I enjoy working with my team. | |
| decide / plan / want → + to V | 不定詞動詞組 |
| She decided to apply for the job. | |
| help 可 + 原形 或 to V | 唯一兩種都行 |
| He helped me (to) finish the report. |
詞性判斷篇
| 口訣 | 解釋 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 看前面是 be 動詞 → 填形容詞 | be + adj. 是固定搭法 | He is responsible for the project. |
| 名詞前修飾 → 填形容詞 | 修飾性用法 | They need additional staff. |
| 動詞前修飾 → 填副詞 | adv. 修飾動詞 | She works efficiently. |
| 有 the / a / an → 後面多半名詞 | 冠詞＋名詞結構 | The meeting starts soon. |
| of 後面幾乎都是名詞 | 名詞連名詞 | a list of employees |
連接詞 & 子句篇
| 口訣 | 解釋 |
|---|---|
| because / since → 原因句 | 表「因為」 |
| We left early because it was raining. | |
| although / even though → 對比句 | 「雖然…但…」 |
| Although it rained, we continued the event. | |
| if → 假設語氣，後面不用 will | 主句才用 will |
| If it rains, we will cancel the picnic. | |
| that 子句 → 前面常接 believe / say / know | 名詞子句常用 |
| She believes that hard work pays off. | |
| 關係代名詞 who / which / that | 修飾人/物 |
| The manager who hired me is very kind. |
多益句型懶人包口訣
| 類型 | 口訣 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 「被要求去做」 | be required to + V | Employees are required to attend the meeting. |
| 「有資格做」 | be eligible to / for | You are eligible for a promotion. |
| 「熟悉於」 | be familiar with | He is familiar with the new system. |
| 「負責於」 | be responsible for | She is responsible for customer service. |
| 「對…感興趣」 | be interested in | I am interested in marketing. |
快速判斷法
| 類型 | 看法 | 立刻反應 |
|---|---|---|
| 看到 空格前有 to | → 動詞原形 | to apply |
| 看到 空格前有 be | → 形容詞 / p.p. | be qualified |
| 看到 逗號後主詞消失 | → 分詞（V-ing / p.p.） | Located near the station, the office… |
| 看到 連接詞前後都有主詞動詞 | → 用完整句 | although / because |
| 看到 each / every / everyone | → 單數動詞 | Everyone is invited. |